谈谈JSONAPI在PHP中的应用

现在服务端程序员的主要工作已经不再是套模版,而是编写基于 JSON 的 API 接口。可惜大家编写接口的风格往往迥异,这就给系统集成带来了很多不必要的沟通成本,如果你有类似的困扰,那么不妨关注一下 JSONAPI,它是一个基于 JSON 构建 API 的规范标准,一个简单的 API 接口大致如下所示:

JS

JSONAPI

简单说明一下:根节点中的 data 用来放置主对象的内容,其中 type 和 id 是必须要有的字段,用来表示主对象的类型和标识,其它简单的属性统统放置到 attributes 里,如果主对象存在一对一、一对多等关联对象,那么放置到 relationships 里,不过只是通过 type 和 id 字段放置一个链接,关联对象的实际内容统统放置在根接点中的 included 里。

有了 JSONAPI,数据解析的过程变得规范起来,节省了不必要的沟通成本。不过如果要手动构建 JSONAPI 数据还是很麻烦的,好在通过使用 Fractal 可以让实现过程相对自动化一些,上面的例子如果用 Fractal 实现大概是这个样子:

<?php

use League\Fractal\Manager;
use League\Fractal\Resource\Collection;

$articles = [
    [
        'id' => 1,
        'title' => 'JSON API paints my bikeshed!',
        'body' => 'The shortest article. Ever.',
        'author' => [
            'id' => 42,
            'name' => 'John',
        ],
    ],
];

$manager = new Manager();

$resource = new Collection($articles, new ArticleTransformer());

$manager->parseIncludes('author');

$manager->createData($resource)->toArray();

?>

如果让我选最喜爱的 PHP 工具包,Fractal 一定榜上有名,它隐藏了实现细节,让使用者完全不必了解 JSONAPI 协议即可上手。不过如果你想在自己的项目里使用的话,与直接使用 Fractal 相比,可以试试 Fractalistic,它对 Fractal 进行了封装,使其更好用:

<?php

Fractal::create()
   ->collection($articles)
   ->transformWith(new ArticleTransformer())
   ->includeAuthor()
   ->toArray();

?>

如果你是裸写 PHP 的话,那么 Fractalistic 基本就是最佳选择了,不过如果你使用了一些全栈框架的话,那么 Fractalistic 可能还不够优雅,因为它无法和框架本身已有的功能更完美的融合,以 Lavaral 为例,它本身内置了一个 API Resources 功能,在此基础上我实现了一个 JsonApiSerializer,可以和框架完美融合,代码如下:

<?php

namespace App\Http\Serializers;

use Illuminate\Http\Resources\MissingValue;
use Illuminate\Http\Resources\Json\Resource;
use Illuminate\Http\Resources\Json\ResourceCollection;
use Illuminate\Pagination\AbstractPaginator;

class JsonApiSerializer implements \JsonSerializable
{
    protected $resource;
    protected $resourceValue;

    protected $data = [];

    protected static $included = [];

    public function __construct($resource, $resourceValue)
    {
        $this->resource = $resource;
        $this->resourceValue = $resourceValue;
    }

    public function jsonSerialize()
    {
        foreach ($this->resourceValue as $key => $value) {
            if ($value instanceof Resource) {
                $this->serializeResource($key, $value);
            } else {
                $this->serializeNonResource($key, $value);
            }
        }

        if (!$this->isRootResource()) {
            return $this->data;
        }

        $result = [
            'data' => $this->data,
        ];

        if (static::$included) {
            $result['included'] = static::$included;
        }

        if (!$this->resource->resource instanceof AbstractPaginator) {
            return $result;
        }

        $paginated = $this->resource->resource->toArray();

        $result['links'] = $this->links($paginated);
        $result['meta'] = $this->meta($paginated);

        return $result;
    }

    protected function serializeResource($key, $value, $type = null)
    {
        if ($type === null) {
            $type = $key;
        }

        if ($value->resource instanceof MissingValue) {
            return;
        }

        if ($value instanceof ResourceCollection) {
            foreach ($value as $k => $v) {
                $this->serializeResource($k, $v, $type);
            }
        } elseif (is_string($type)) {
            $included = $value->resolve();

            $data = [
                'type' => $included['type'],
                'id' => $included['id'],
            ];

            if (is_int($key)) {
                $this->data['relationships'][$type]['data'][] = $data;
            } else {
                $this->data['relationships'][$type]['data'] = $data;
            }

            static::$included[] = $included;
        } else {
            $this->data[] = $value->resolve();
        }
    }

    protected function serializeNonResource($key, $value)
    {
        switch ($key) {
            case 'id':
                $value = (string)$value;
            case 'type':
            case 'links':
                $this->data[$key] = $value;
                break;
            default:
                $this->data['attributes'][$key] = $value;
        }
    }

    protected function links($paginated)
    {
        return [
            'first' => $paginated['first_page_url'] ?? null,
            'last' => $paginated['last_page_url'] ?? null,
            'prev' => $paginated['prev_page_url'] ?? null,
            'next' => $paginated['next_page_url'] ?? null,
        ];
    }

    protected function meta($paginated)
    {
        return [
            'current_page' => $paginated['current_page'] ?? null,
            'from' => $paginated['from'] ?? null,
            'last_page' => $paginated['last_page'] ?? null,
            'per_page' => $paginated['per_page'] ?? null,
            'to' => $paginated['to'] ?? null,
            'total' => $paginated['total'] ?? null,
        ];
    }

    protected function isRootResource()
    {
        return isset($this->resource->isRoot) && $this->resource->isRoot;
    }
}

?>

对应的 Resource 基本还和以前一样,只是返回值改了一下:

<?php

namespace App\Http\Resources;

use App\Article;
use Illuminate\Http\Resources\Json\Resource;
use App\Http\Serializers\JsonApiSerializer;

class ArticleResource extends Resource
{
    public function toArray($request)
    {
        $value = [
            'type' => 'articles',
            'id' => $this->id,
            'name' => $this->name,
            'author' => $this->whenLoaded('author'),
        ];

        return new JsonApiSerializer($this, $value);
    }
}

?>

对应的 Controller 也和原来差不多,只是加入了一个 isRoot 属性,用来识别根:

<?php

namespace App\Http\Controllers;

use App\Article;
use App\Http\Resources\ArticleResource;

class ArticleController extends Controller
{
    protected $article;

    public function __construct(Article $article)
    {
        $this->article = $article;
    }

    public function show($id)
    {
        $article = $this->article->with('author')->findOrFail($id);

        $resource = new ArticleResource($article);
        $resource->isRoot = true;

        return $resource;
    }
}

?>

整个过程没有对 Laravel 的架构进行太大的侵入,可以说是目前 Laravel 实现 JSONAPI 的最优解决方案了,有兴趣的可以研究一下 JsonApiSerializer 的实现,虽然只有一百多行代码,但是我却费了好大的力气才实现,可以说是行行皆辛苦啊。

文章来源:

Author:老王
link:https://huoding.com/2017/12/24/648