你不应该使用的 Python 文件名

在新 VPS 上运行 Python 程序的时候出现了问题：pdm 无法正常 install 或者设置 config，poetry 可以但是无法正常运行。两者都在获取运行环境的时候发生了同样的错误。以下是一个最小复现例子：

[neko@host temp]$ ls
select.py
[neko@host temp]$ cat select.py
print("hello, world!")
[neko@host temp]$ python
Python 3.10.9 (main, Dec 19 2022, 17:35:49) [GCC 12.2.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import platform
hello, world!
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python3.10/subprocess.py", line 69, in <module>
    import msvcrt
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'msvcrt'

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/usr/lib/python3.10/platform.py", line 119, in <module>
    import subprocess
  File "/usr/lib/python3.10/subprocess.py", line 76, in <module>
    import selectors
  File "/usr/lib/python3.10/selectors.py", line 291, in <module>
    class SelectSelector(_BaseSelectorImpl):
  File "/usr/lib/python3.10/selectors.py", line 318, in SelectSelector
    _select = select.select
AttributeError: module 'select' has no attribute 'select'
>>>

我一 Linux 怎么会需要 msvcrt？一开始以为是 Arch 仓库里的 Python 有问题，或者是 pip 安装的时候在 root 用户操作而破坏了系统，但是重装了几次全部依赖也没有解决。排查许久后，发现只有在我的代码文件夹里进入 REPL import platform 会报错。然后发现项目里用的一个模块的名称叫 select.py。是的，导入 Python 内置的 <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/index.html">标准库 <i class="fa-brands fa-python"></i></a> 的时候，标准库内部的 import 也是在当前工作目录下进行的（！）。

最末的结论是，你不应该使用以下名称作为 Python 代码的文件/模块名：

abc, aifc, argparse, array, ast, asyncio, atexit, audioop, base64, bdb, binascii, bisect, builtins, bz2, calendar, cgi, cgitb, chunk, cmath, cmd, code, codecs, codeop, collections, colorsys, compileall, concurrent, configparser, contextlib, contextvars, copy, copyreg, csv, ctypes, dataclasses, datetime, dbm, decimal, difflib, dis, doctest, email, ensurepip, enum, errno, faulthandler, filecmp, fileinput, fnmatch, fractions, ftplib, functools, gc, getopt, getpass, gettext, glob, graphlib, gzip, hashlib, heapq, hmac, html, http, imaplib, imghdr, imp, importlib, inspect, io, ipaddress, itertools, json, keyword, linecache, locale, logging, lzma, mailbox, mailcap, marshal, math, mimetypes, mmap, modulefinder, msilib, msvcrt, multiprocessing, netrc, nntplib, numbers, operator, optparse, os, pathlib, pdb, pickle, pickletools, pipes, pkgutil, platform, plistlib, poplib, pprint, profile, py_compile, pyclbr, pydoc, pyexpat, queue, quopri, random, re, reprlib, rlcompleter, runpy, sched, secrets, select, selectors, shelve, shlex, shutil, signal, site, smtplib, sndhdr, socket, socketserver, sqlite3, ssl, stat, statistics, string, stringprep, struct, subprocess, sunau, symtable, sys, sysconfig, tabnanny, tarfile, telnetlib, tempfile, test, textwrap, threading, time, timeit, tkinter, token, tokenize, tomllib, trace, traceback, tracemalloc, turtle, types, typing, unicodedata, unittest, urllib, uu, uuid, venv, warnings, wave, weakref, webbrowser, winreg, winsound, wsgiref, xdrlib, xml, xmlrpc, zipapp, zipfile, zipimport, zlib, zoneinfo 🐍